Ocular Surface Disease
Ocular Surface Disease (OSD) refers to a group of conditions that affect the surface of the eye, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and, if left untreated, potential damage to the eye tissues.
It often presents as dryness, irritation, and redness but can also lead to more severe symptoms that interfere with daily activities like reading, driving, and prolonged screen use.
OSD can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental elements such as wind, dry air, and extended screen time. Other contributing factors include hormonal changes, certain medications, autoimmune conditions, and the natural aging process. These factors can exacerbate the function of the meibomian glands, which are essential for maintaining eye health.
A major cause of OSD is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). The meibomian glands, located along the edges of the eyelids, play a crucial role in eye comfort by producing oils that form the outermost layer of the tear film. This oily layer is vital in preventing tear evaporation and maintaining moisture on the eye’s surface. When these glands become blocked or dysfunctional, a condition known as MGD develops. This leads to a lack of oil in the tear film, causing tears to evaporate too quickly, which results in dry, gritty, and uncomfortable eyes.
Common Symptoms of OSD and MGD:
- Persistent dry, gritty, or burning eyes
- Blurred vision or eye strain
- Sensitivity to light
- A sensation of something in the eye
- Discomfort while wearing contact lenses
If left untreated, MGD can cause chronic eye irritation and inflammation, disrupting the delicate balance of the ocular surface. This can lead to further complications such as blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids) or conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva).